Nevertheless, wingless were to be feared. At this point she knew her nest would be her resting place – one along her mate – and she had no desire to abandon it. They took odd nest of clay and glass that laid unclaimed nearby for years, and Suzubake had never felt more scared. There hadn't been any reason not to.īut one spring, as snowy ice broke and the ground that had been nourish her with its energy bloomed with vibrant life once again, the wingless came. She had hatched here, had met her mate here and had raised their offspring here.Įven when deadly white had covered the leafage, even when her second half had been long gone, even when the azure space had lured her with promise of unknown freedom, she had stayed. The generalization proposed in the present study is that when the information status of the subject NP is ‘Inactive’, no element can be deleted from the NP-ga when it is ‘Semiactive’, ga can be deleted and when it is predictable, hence ‘Active’, the entire subject NP-ga can be deleted.For Suzubake, evergreen shrub of wild tsubaki was her nest and the nest was her entire world. Discourse, Consciousness and Time: The Flow and Displacement of Conscious Experience in Speaking and Writing. The most relevant notion for the nominative case-marker deletion in Japanese is the notion of ‘Semiactive’ information proposed by Chafe (Chafe, Wallace, 1994.
It is demonstrated that the binary frameworks cannot distinguish the entire subject NP deletion from just the nominative case-marker deletion. 295–325), but the framework in which degrees of importance are recognized as a continuum (see e.g., Kuno, Susumo, 1982. John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, pp. (Eds.), Discourse Description: Diverse Linguistic Analysis of a Fund-raising Text. The framework of information structure assumed here is not the binary frameworks such as ‘given/new’, or ‘discourse-old/discourse-new’ (see e.g., Chafe, Wallace, 1976. This study particularly focuses on the deletion of the nominative case-marker ga from the perspective of information structure. PhD dissertation, Harvard University Ono, Tsuyoshi, Thompson, S.A. Non-thematic Positions and Discourse Anaphora. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois Masunaga, Kiyoko, 1987. Taishukan Shoten, Tokyo Kuno, Susumu, 1973b. Usually in Japanese, each NP in an argument position must be accompanied by an appropriate case-marker however, in spontaneous spoken Japanese, the NPs often appear without case-markers (see e.g., Kuno, Susumu, 1973a.
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